Microsoft Excel Function Syntax Guide: Formulas & Examples

= CONCATENATE(text1, text2, ...) 

= FIND(find_text, within_text, [start_num]) 

= FIXED(number, [decimals], [no_commas]) = LEFT(text, [num_chars])

= RIGHT(text, [num_chars]) 

= LOWER(text) 

 = UPPER(text)  

= LEN(text)  

= MID(text, start_num, num_chars) 

= PROPER(text) 

= REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)  

= REPT(text, number_times) 

= SEARCH(find_text, within_text, [start_num]) 

= SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text, [instance_num])

= TRIM(text)

= NOW() 

= DATE(year, month, day) 

= DAY(date) 

= DAYS(end_date, start_date) 

= EDATE(start_date, months) 

= EOMONTH(start_date, months)

= HOUR(serial_number) 

= MINUTE(serial_number) 

= SECOND(serial_number) 

= YEAR(serial_number)

= MONTH(serial_number) 

= TIME(hour, minute, second)

= TODAY()  

= WORKDAY(start_date, days, [holidays]) 

= WEEKDAY(serial_number, [return_type]) 

= WEEKNUM(serial_number, [return_type])

= YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date, [basis])

= LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, [result_vector]) 

= INDEX(array, row_num, [column_num]) 

= MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, [match_type]) 

= VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup]) 

= HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup]) 

= AGGREGATE(function_num, options, array, [k]) 

= SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, [ref2], …)  

= RAND( ) 

= RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top)  

= CHOOSE(index_num, value1, value2, ...) 

= COUNTBLANK(range) 

= INT(number)  

= MOD(number, divisor)  

= SQRT(number) 

= SMALL(array, k) 

= LARGE(array, k) 

= POWER(2NUM,3POW)   

= LCM(4, 5)    

= QUOTIENT(10, 3)     

= SUMSQ(2, 3) — Returns 13 (2² + 3²) 

= CEILING(7.2, 1) — Rounds 7.2 up to nearest 1 → 8    

= FLOOR(7.8, 1) — Rounds 7.8 down to nearest 1 → 7     

= GCD(12, 18)

= PERCENTILE.INC(array, 0.43)  

= PERCENTILE.EXC(array, k) 

👉 Calculates percentiles excluding 0 and 1 (for advanced cases). 

= PERCENTRANK.INC(array, x, [significance]) 

👉 Returns the rank of a value (x) as a percentile in the array. 

= PERCENTRANK.EXC(array, x, [significance]) 

= RANK.EQ(number, ref, [order])  

= RANK.AVG(number, ref, [order])  

= STDEV.S(number1, [number2], …)  

= STDEV.P(number1, [number2], …)  

= VAR.S(number1, [number2], …)  

= VAR.P(number1, [number2], …)  

= KURT(number1, [number2], …)  

= SKEW(number1, [number2], …) 

= TRIMMEAN(array, percent)  

= ISBLANK(A1)  

= ISEVEN(4)    

= ISODD(5)    

= ISTEXT("Hello")    

= ISNUMBER(123)  

= ISLOGICAL(TRUE)   

= AND(A1>0, A1<100)  

= OR(A1=10, A1=20)   

= NOT(TRUE)  

= COLUMN(B2)   

= ROW(B2)  

= COLUMNS(A1:C1) 

= ROWS(A1:A5)

= IF(A1>50, "Pass", "Fail")  

= SUMIF(A1:A5, ">10")  

= AVERAGEIF(A1:A5, ">10")    

= COUNTIF(A1:A5, ">10")    

= SUMIFS(B1:B5, A1:A5, ">10")   

= COUNTIFS(A1:A5, ">10", B1:B5, "<20")    

= AVERAGEIFS(B1:B5, A1:A5, ">10")     

= AVERAGE(10, 20, 30)     

= AVERAGEA(10, "Text", TRUE) — Returns 3.666 (Text=0, TRUE=1)    

= COUNT(A1:A5)    

= COUNTA(A1:A5) — Counts all non-empty cells in A1:A5    

= MAX(A1:A5)    

= MAXA(10, TRUE, "Text")     

= MIN(A1:A5)      

= MINA(10, FALSE, "Text")